Fully informed consent can be needlessly cruel.

نویسندگان

  • J S Tobias
  • R L Souhami
چکیده

levels in the metabolic derangement of diabetes. N Engl J. Med 1984;310: 810-5. 19 Hyer SL, Sharp PS, Brooks RA, Burrin JM, Kohner EM. Serum IGF-1 concentration in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Med 1988;5:356-60. 20 Sharp PS, Fallon TJ, Brazier OJ, Sandler L, Joplin GF, Kohner EM. Long term follow up of patients who underwent yttrium-90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative retinopathy. Diabetologia 1987;33:199-207. 21 Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy. AmJ' Ophthalmol 1976;81:383-97. 22 Sullivan PM, Caldwell G, Alexandra N, Kohner EM. Long term outcome after photocoagulation for preproliferative diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Med 1990;7:788-94. 23 Davies EG, Petty RG, Kohner EM. Long term effectiveness of photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. Eye 1989;3:764-7. 24 British Multicentre Study Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic maculopathy: a randomised controlled clinical trial using the xenon arc. Diabetes 1983;32: 1010-6. 25 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular disease: report I. Arch Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1985;103:1798-806. 26 Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular oedema: report IV. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1987;27:265-72. 27 Job D, Eschwege E, Guyot-Argenton C, Anbrey JA, Tchobiutsky G. Effect of multiple daily insulin injections on the course of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 1976;25:463-9. 28 Kroc Collaborative Study Group. Blood glucose control and the evolution of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria. NEngIJMed 1984;311:365-72. 29 Brinchmann-Hansen 0, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Hanssen KF, Sanduik L. The response of diabetic retinopathy to 41 months of multiple insulin injections, insulin pumps and conventional insulin, therpy. Arc Ophalmol 1988;106: 1242-6. 30 Reichard P, Bengt-Yngue N, Rosenq U. 'hIe effect of long term intensified insulin treatment on the developm~cat of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. NEnglJMed l993;32*404i9. 31 United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study. Study design and progress and performance. Diabetologia 1991;34:877-90. '32 WHO/IDF Europe. Diabetes and reseurch in Europe: the St Vincent declaration. Diabetic Med 1990;7:360. 33 Kohner EM, Porta M. Screening for diabetic retinopathy in Europe: a field guide book. Milan: Boehringer Mannheim, 1992.

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • BMJ

دوره 307 6913  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1993